DNA Changes Linked to Marijuana Use Says New Psychosis Research

As marijuana use increases worldwide, concerns are growing about its effects on mental health, especially regarding conditions like psychosis. New research is exploring how marijuana may influence our genes through a process called DNA methylation.

This process involves adding chemical tags to our DNA, which can change how our genes function without altering the genetic code itself. In a new study published in Molecular Psychiatry, scientists looked at the DNA of people experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) and compared marijuana users to non-users to better understand the biological impact of marijuana.

The study involved 682 participants, 188 of whom currently used marijuana, while 494 had never used it. The researchers focused on whether marijuana use left a “methylation signature” on the participants’ DNA, especially for those using high-potency marijuana (with THC levels greater than 10%). They found that marijuana use did indeed cause significant changes in DNA methylation, particularly in genes related to mitochondrial function and immune response.

One key discovery was that a gene called CAVIN1, which helps with mitochondrial energy production, showed reduced methylation in marijuana users. This is important because mitochondria, often referred to as the “powerhouses” of our cells, are crucial for brain health. Another gene, MCU, involved in controlling calcium levels in cells, also showed changes in people using high-potency marijuana. These changes could impact how brain cells function, possibly contributing to the development of psychosis in some users.

The researchers also found that these effects might differ for people experiencing psychosis. In those with first-episode psychosis, marijuana use seemed to affect DNA methylation differently compared to those without psychosis. This suggests that people already predisposed to mental health conditions might be more vulnerable to the effects of marijuana.

The study also highlighted changes in genes related to the immune system. Marijuana is known to influence immune function, and the research confirmed that marijuana use affects genes involved in immune responses. This could explain some of marijuana’s broader effects on the body, as it can dampen inflammation and alter how immune cells work.

While these findings are significant, the researchers note that more studies are needed to fully understand the long-term effects of marijuana, especially in people at risk for mental health issues. As marijuana use becomes more common, particularly high-potency varieties, understanding how it affects our biology will be crucial for public health.