A recent study involving over 1,000 adults shows that marijuana use may lead to changes in the human body’s epigenome. The epigenome acts as a control system, managing gene activity to influence how our bodies function.
While marijuana is often viewed as a relatively harmless substance, this study suggests it may have lasting effects on gene regulation and health. As marijuana becomes more widely accepted and used, ongoing research is essential to fully understand its impact on the human body and potential health risks.
Epigenetic Modifications and Marijuana
Lifang Hou, M.D., Ph.D., an epidemiologist from Northwestern University, led the research, which focused on DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification. This process involves adding or removing methyl groups to DNA, altering gene activity without changing the genetic sequence. Environmental factors, such as drug use, can cause these changes, which may be passed on to future generations.
The researchers examined participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, which tracked their health over 20 years. Blood samples taken at the 15-year and 20-year marks were used to investigate whether marijuana use influenced DNA methylation.
By the 20-year point, 132 markers were tied to recent use, and 16 markers to cumulative use. Notably, one methylation marker previously linked to tobacco use was also associated with marijuana, suggesting that both substances may affect similar biological pathways.
Health Implications
The DNA methylation changes identified in the study were connected to critical biological functions, including cellular proliferation and hormone signaling. Additionally, these changes were linked to conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, infections, and substance use disorders.
However, the study does not prove that marijuana directly causes these health issues. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess the long-term effects of marijuana on health.
Leah Zuroff, M.D., M.S.
Contributing Author
Dr. Zuroff completed medical school at the Perelman School of Medicine, where she concurrently received a Master of Science in Translational Research.
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